Everyone knows doing the principle diagram of the PCB is designed into a real piece of PCB, please don’t look down upon this process, there are a lot of things on the principle of practicable in engineering has difficult to achieve, or something that someone can achieve them,but others can not, so it is not difficult to make a PCB, but make a good PCB string is not an easy thing.
Laba dhibaato weyn oo duurka ku ah microelectronics waa signal ka soo noqnoqoshada sare iyo processing signal daciif, wax soo saarka PCB heerka si gaar ah muhiim saaraysa, design isku mabda, qaybaha isla, dad kala duwan sameeyey PCB yeelan doonaan natiijooyin kala duwan, sidaa darteed sida loo sameeyo ? a guddiga PCB wanaagsan ku saleysan our waayo-aragnimo hore, waxaan jeclaan lahaa in ay ka munaaqashoodaan views our ku saabsan dhinacyada soo socda:
1. Qeex aad gool
Helay hawl design, waa in marka hore ay nadiifiso gool design ah, waa a a guddiga Common PCB , PCB ee hirka sare , PCB processing signal yar ama waxaa jira labada hirka sare iyo processing signal yar oo PCB ah, haddii ay tahay a PCB caadi ah , ilaa iyo inta sida qaabka macquul ah oo hagaagsan, size farsamo sax ah, Haddii line load iyo line dheer, in la qabtaa by hab gaar ah, culeyska ka, si ay u xoojiyaan khadka dheer ee drive, furaha waa in laga hortago milicsiga line dheer ee. Marka ay jiraan in ka badan khadadka signal 40MHz sabuuradda, tixgelinno gaar ah loo sameeyo khadadka signal kuwan, sida inta jeer crosstalk.If waa sare, waxay leeyihiin xanibaadyo badan oo ku saabsan dhererka xarkaha, sida ay xuduudaheedu qaybinta aragti shabakadda, ka dhexgalka u dhaxeeya circuit xawaaraha sare iyo lifaaqa waa qodob muhim ah, habka aan ku design.With la iska indho tiri karin horumar ah ee xawaaraha albaabka gudbinta, on line ka dhanka ah kor u qaadi doonta, crosstalk u dhexeeya khadadka signal ku xiga uu noqon doono saamiyeed si ay kororka, sida caadiga ah-xawaaraha sare ee isticmaalka xoog iyo dhereg badan kulayl Bannaanka waa mid aad u weyn, waa keeni dareenka ku filan marka ay qabanayaan High Tg PCB.
Marka guddiga waxay leeyihiin xataa heer microvolt heerka millivolt markii signalka daciif ah, signalka u baahan doontaa daryeel gaar ah, signal yar waa mid aad u tabar daran, mid aad u nugul in ay faragelin kale signal xoog, gaashaamashada tallaabooyin inta badan loo baahan yahay, haddii kale aad ah u yareyn doontaa signal-to-qayladii calaamadaha ratio.So in waxtar leh tiimbadeen soo baxay buuqa iyo aan la bixiyay karo.
On guddiga qiyaastii Sidoo kale waa in la tixgeliyaa inta lagu jiro wajiga design ah, meesha uu jirka dhibcaha imtixaanka, dhibic imtixaanka arrimood go'doomin aan la iska indho tiri karin, sababtoo ah qaar ka mid ah signal yar iyo signal hirka sare aan si toos ah dari baaritaan si loo cabbiro.
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira arrimo kale oo la xiriira, sida lakabka oo looxyada, qaabka xirmo ka mid ah qaybaha iyo xoogga farsamo ee samaynta boards.Before looxyada PCB, waa in aad leedahay goolka design ku hay a.
2. Fahmaan shuruudaha shaqada ka mid ah qaybaha loo isticmaalay qaabka
Sida aan ognahay, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah qaybaha gaarka ah ee qaabka ay shuruudo gaar ah, sida Loti iyo APH isticmaalo kordhiyo signal analog, kordhiyo signal analog for looga baahan yahay awood for siman, jilidda ripple.The yar oo qaybo ka mid signal yar waa in la xoogga iska dhawray devices.On guddiga Oti ah, qayb ka mid ah signal cod yar ayaa sidoo kale si gaar ah loogu talagalay la maaskaro ama gaashaan ah ay ku gadaamaan ah chips interference.GLINK electromagnetic wiifto ah loo isticmaalo in guddiga NTOI waa habka ECL, isticmaalka awood qandho weyn, si dhibaatada dhereg kulaylka waa in la qabtaa marka khariidad waa in ay tixgelin gaar ah, haddii qaboojinta dabiiciga ah, ee socodka hawada gelin doonaa chip GLINK waa siman, oo ka mid ah kulaylka ma aha saameyn weyn in kale chips.If jiro geeska ama awood sare oo kale qalab on board, waxa ay sidoo kale keeni kartaa wasakhaynta halis ah oo awood u sidoo kale waa in fiiro gaar ah oo ku filan.
3. Tixgelinta qaabka qayb
Qaabka ka mid ah qaybaha ugu horeysay factor ka mid ah in la tixgeliyo waa waxqabadka, si dhow ula xidhiidha xidhiidha ka mid ah qaybaha wada intii suurtogal ah, gaar ahaan qaar ka mid ah line xawaaraha sare, qaabka ay tahay in la sameeyo sida ugu gaaban sida ugu macquulsan in la kala saaro signal awood yar iyo weynba foodhyi device.In weeyn shirka waxqabadka Bannaanka, waxa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo qorshe ka mid ah qaybaha si, qurux badan, ku haboon si ay u tijaabiso, size si farsamaysan ee guddiga, booska uu ka godka, iwm
Waqtiga dib u dhac gudbinta grounding iyo isku nidaamka-xawaaraha sare sidoo kale waa arrin ugu horeysay in la tixgeliyo marka la qorshaynayo system.Signal ee waqtiga gudbinta uu saameyn weyn xawaaraha guud ee nidaamka, gaar ahaan-xawaaraha sare wareeggeedii ECL, inkastoo xawaaraha sare ee block circuit dhafan laftiisa, laakiin iyadoo ay sabab u dabaqa la jaray caadi ah (30 cm kasta oo dheer, oo ku saabsan dib u dhac ku ah 2 NS) keeni kordhinta waqtiga dib, ka dhigi kartaa xawaaraha nidaamka waxa aad u yaraynaya. Sida diiwaanka wareeg ah, counter synchronous .Wadashaqayntaas this qaybo ka shaqeeya isku waslad kaarka, ugu fiican, sababtoo ah markii dib u dhac gudbinta kala duwan ee signal saacad sabuuradda ma qummana, waxay keeni kartaa in ay qaladaad soo saarka diiwaanka shaqada, haddii aanay on a saxan, meesha .Wadashaqayntaas waa furaha, ka il saacad dadweynaha ku xiran line saacba waa loo siman yahay si dhererka guddiga.
4. Tixgelinta taararka
Iyada oo design ka mid ah OTNI iyo network fiber indhaha star, in ka badan 100MHz laynka signal xawaaraha sare ee u baahan in la loogu talagalay mustaqbalka. Qaar ka mid ah fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee line xawaaraha sare ee halkan la soo bandhigi doonaa.
line gudbinta
Kasta "dheer" dariiqa digayaan on a daabacay guddiga circuitla oran karo waa gudbinta a line.If dib u dhac gudbinta khadka waa badan ka gaaban tahay waqti u kaca signalka, milicsiga milkiilaha inta lagu guda jiro u kaca signal waxay noqon doontaa submerged.No dheer muuqan overshoot, recoil oo wacaya, waayo, xilligan la joogo, inta badan circuit bilood ah, sababta oo ah waqti u kaca waqti dib u dhac gudbinta line waa aad u weyn, sidaas darteed waxay noqon kartaa in mitir u dheer oo ma distortion.And signal for wareeggeedii macquulka ah si dhakhso ah, gaar ahaan xawaaraha aalladda sare ECL.
In the case of wareeggeedii dhafan, dhererka raad waa in la si weyn u soo gaabisay, si ay u ilaaliyaan daacadnimada signalka ay sabab u tahay xawaare ku laayeen dhakhso.
Waxaa jira laba siyaabood oo wax ku soo wareegtaa hareeraheeda-xawaaraha sare ee shaqada ah line dheer oo aan dhalanrog halis ah, waxaa loo isticmaalaa hoos u deg deg ah TTL laayeen diode schottky ku tirtirayaan habka, ka dhigi Suu noqon kursiga in diode waa ka hooseeyaa dhulka hoos u cadaadiska ka iman kara on heerka yaraynta recoil ee dambe ee Ilodanimada inayan, gaabis ah ku laayeen baxna overshoot la ogol yahay, laakiin waa heerka "H" ku jira xaalad ah wax soo saarka sare impedance Bannaanka (50 ~ 80 Ω) attenuation .Intaa waxaa dheer, ay sabab u tahay heerka "H" difaaca gobolka, dhibaato weyn recoil ma aha mid aad u fiican, qalab taxane Counselling, haddii la isticmaalayo tirtirayaan diode schottky iyo kooxda iska caabin ah taxane ku xirmaan habka, saamaynta wanaagsanaaday noqon doontaa wax aad u cad.
Marka taageere jiro baxay weheliyaan line signalka, habka TTL u qaabaynta kor lagu sharaxay dhiman in heerka waxoogaa sare iyo laayeen dhakhso speed.Because waxaa ka muuqda hirarka in line, waxay u muuqdaan in la dhexsameeysmo jirka heerka sare, sidaas keenaya dhalanrog halis ah oo signal iyo hoos anti-faragelinta ability.Therefore, si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada milicsiga ah, hab kale waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in nidaam ECL ah: impedance line tallaabadaas method.In sidan milicsiga waxaa gacanta iyo daacadnimada ah signal waa la hubaa.